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| Nutrition |
1) Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
Answer: Vitamin A
2) Which type of food doesn't produce energy?
Answer: Vitamin
3) Which metal is present in vitamin B12?
Answer: Cobalt
4) Give some examples of macroelements?
Answer: Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus e.t.c.
5) Give some examples of trace elements or microelements?
Answer: Iron, Chromium, Iodine, Copper, Manganese, Zinc e.t.c.
6) Which enzyme is present in saliva?
Answer: Ptyalin
7) What is the simplest form of protein?
Answer: Amino acid
8) Give some examples of proteolytic enzymes?
Answer: Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin
9) Give some examples of saccharolytic or amylolytic enzymes.
Answer: Maltase, isomaltase, lactase, sucrase, amylase.
10) Give some examples of lipolytic enzymes.
Answer: Gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, intestinal lipase.
11) Which vitamins are damaged by heat?
Answer: Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C
12) Which gland secrets ptyalin?
Answer: Saliva gland
13) Which metals and nonmetals are associated with Rickets?
Answer: Calcium (metal) and phosphorus (nonmetal)
14) What is tryptophan?
Answer: Tryptophan is an example of essential amino acid.
15) What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Answer: The 9 essential amino acids are:
histidine, isoleucine, leucine,
lysine, methionine, phenylalanine,
threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
16) What are the names of essential fatty acids?
Answer: alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid).
17) What are the calorific values of carbohydrates, protein and fat?
Answer: Carbohydrate= 4.0 calorie/gm
Protein= 4.1 calorie/gm
Fat= 9 calorie/gm
18) What are chyme and chyle?
Answer: Chyme —The thick semifluid mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.
Chyle — A digestive fluid containing fatty droplets, found in the small intestine.
19) What is keratomalacia?
Answer: An eye disorder that leads to a dry cornea, often caused by a deficiency of vitamin A.
20) Which apparatus is used to measure BMR?
Answer: Benedict-Roth
21) What is the average BMR of an adult person?
Answer: 40 kilocalorie/hour/meter² for men
37 kilocalorie/hour/meter² for women
22) Which one is known as bodybuilding food?
Answer: Protein
23) Which amino acid is responsible for melanin production of skin?
Answer: Tyrosine
24) Which organ of the human body perform deamination?
Answer: Liver
25) In which form is glucose stored in the liver and muscles?
Answer: Glycogen
26) Which mineral helps to produce haemoglobin in the blood, myoglobin in muscles and cytochrome in cells?
Answer: Iron (Fe)
27) Which situations can decrease BMR?
Answer: Cold weather, long-term malnutrition, fasting and some diseases like hypopituitary, hypothyroidism and less secretion of the adrenal cortex.
28) Which diseases are caused by protein malnutrition or protein deficiency?
Answer: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
29) What is metabolism and what are the two types of metabolism?
Answer: Metabolism
chemical reactions of organic compounds that occur in living cells in presence of enzymes.
Two types of Metabolism are:
(I) Anabolism
The constructive metabolism of the body, for example - photosynthesis, glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis
(II) Catabolism
destructive metabolism, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials, for example - glycogenolysis, glycolysis and respiration.
30) What is Glycogenesis?
Answer: The synthesis of glycogen from glucose.
Site of glycogenesis: Liver and muscles
31) What is Glycogenolysis?
Answer: The production of glucose by splitting a glucose monomer from glycogen
Site of glycogenolysis: cytoplasm of liver cells and muscle cells.
32) What is Glycolysis?
Answer: The cellular degradation of the simple sugar glucose to yield pyruvic acid, and ATP as an energy source.
Site of glycolysis: cytoplasm of cells
33) What is Gluconeogenesis or glucogenesis?
Answer: The production of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.
Site of gluconeogenesis: Liver and kidney
34) What is cementum?
Answer: A bony substance that covers the root of a tooth.
35) What is the structural unit of absorption?
Answer: Villus (or villi in plural)
36) Which type of ulcer originated in the conjunction of stomach and gullet (or oesophagus)?
Answer: Esophageal ulcer
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