Detailed Chart On Functional Groups in IUPAC Nomenclature

Generated By Gemini

Functional Group	General Formula	Suffix (as main group)	Prefix (as substituent)	Example from Methane
Alkane	R–H	–ane	–	CH₄ → methane
Alkene	R–CH=CH–R	–ene	–	CH₂=CH₂ → ethene
Alkyne	R–C≡C–R	–yne	–	HC≡CH → ethyne
Haloalkane	R–X (X = F, Cl, Br, I)	–	fluoro-/chloro-/bromo-/iodo-	CH₃Cl → chloromethane
Alcohol	R–OH	–ol	hydroxy-	CH₃OH → methanol
Ether	R–O–R	–	alkoxy-	CH₃–O–CH₃ → methoxyethane
Aldehyde	R–CHO	–al	formyl-	HCHO → methanal (formaldehyde)
Ketone	R–CO–R	–one	oxo-	CH₃–CO–CH₃ → propanone
Carboxylic acid	R–COOH	–oic acid	carboxy-	HCOOH → methanoic acid
Ester	R–COOR′	–oate	alkoxycarbonyl-	HCOOCH₃ → methyl methanoate
Acid halide	R–COX	–oyl halide	halocarbonyl-	CH₃COCl → ethanoyl chloride
Amide	R–CONH₂	–amide	carbamoyl-	CH₃CONH₂ → ethanamide
Amine	R–NH₂	–amine	amino-	CH₃NH₂ → methanamine
Nitrile	R–C≡N	–nitrile	cyano-	CH₃CN → ethanenitrile
Sulphonic acid	R–SO₃H	–sulphonic acid	sulpho-	CH₃SO₃H → methanesulphonic acid

---

👉 The general pattern is exactly what you noticed:

Methane – e + [functional group suffix] = new compound

• Methane → remove –e = Methan → add –oic acid  = methanoic acid

• Methane → remove –e → add –ol = methanol

• Methane → remove –e = Methan→ add –al = methanal

---