Vitamins Chart with Deficiency Diseases and Related Definitions

 

Vitamin: 

Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.

In 1911 scientist Casimir Funk discovered vitamins.

Anti vitamin:
Any compound that inhibits the metabolic action of a vitamin.

Vitamins with their associated Antivitamins:

Vitamin B1 or Thiamine — Pyrithiamine, Oxythiamine, Chlorogenic acid, Pyrocatechins and Caffeic acid

Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin — Galactoflavin and Diethyl riboflavin

Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine — Isoniazid and Cycloserine

Vitamin H or Biotin — Avidin

Vitamin M or Folic acid — Amethopterin

Provitamin

Any biologically inactive compound that may be converted into a vitamin within an animal organism.
Example: Beta Carotene, 7-Dehydrocholesterol and Ergosterol

Hypovitaminosis

Symptom's associated with insufficiency of one or more essential vitamins in the body
Example: Cataract due to vitamin A deficiency

Hypervitaminosis

Any medical condition resulting from excessive intake of vitamins.
Example: Excessive amount of vitamin A intake can cause nausea, migraine, hair loss and several eye infections.

Avitaminosis

Any disease which is caused by vitamin deficiency.
Example: Blindness or xerophthalmia due to extreme vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin synthesized in the body:

Vitamin A — synthesized from Beta Carotene of carrots.

Vitamin D – synthesized from 7-Dehydrocholesterol of the epidermis layer of skin and Ergosterol of vegetable oil.

Vitamin B12 and vitamin K – synthesized from intestinal bacteria.

The chemical name of vitamins and diseases caused by vitamin deficiency:

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List of Common Diseases of the Alimentary Canal

 

Diseases of the Alimentary anal

Xerostomia
Abnormal dryness of the mouth.

Sialorrhoea
the flow of excess saliva from the mouth.

Tartar
A hard yellow deposit on the teeth.

Mumps
A contagious disease caused by a virus, mostly occurring in childhood, causes swelling of glands in the face and neck.

Anorexia
Loss of appetite, especially as a result of the disease.

Heartburn/acid reflux/cardialgia/gastroesophageal reflux/pyrosis
Burning pain in the chest is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.

Gallbladder stone or Cholelithiasis
A small, hard object, in the shape of a pebble, that sometimes forms in the gallbladder or bile duct; composed of cholesterol, bile pigments and calcium salts.

Cirrhosis
A chronic disease of the liver is caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis or nutritional deprivation. It is characterised by an increase of fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.

Peptic ulcer/ stomach ulcer/ gastric ulcer
A sore that develops on the lining of the oesophagus, stomach or small intestine.

Gastritis
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, characterised by nausea, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain.

Dysentery
A disease characterised by inflammation of the intestines, especially the colon (large intestine), accompanied by pus (white blood cells) in the faeces, fever, pain in the abdomen, low volume of diarrhoea, and possible blood in the faeces.

Duodenal ulcer
A duodenal ulcer is an ulcer that occurs in the lining of the part of the small intestine just beyond the stomach (duodenum - the first part of the small intestine).

Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas.

Pancreolith
a concretion, usually multiple, in the pancreatic duct, associated with chronic pancreatitis.

Cystic fibrosis
An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. It causes these fluids to become thick and sticky. They then plug up tubes, ducts and passageways.

Steatorrhea
The presence of an excessive amount of fat in the faeces.

Steatorrhea
Steatorrhea is the abnormal excretion of muscle fibre in faeces.

Psilosis or spruce
Disease caused by abnormal absorption of
food due to disease of the small intestine.

Celiac disease
An autoimmune disorder that's triggered when someone eats gluten.

Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder.

Appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix.

Colitis
Inflammation of the colon.

Megacolon
Abnormal dilatation of the colon, not caused by mechanical obstruction.

Haemorrhoids or piles
An engorged dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain.

Anal fistula
A deep narrow sinuous pipe like ulcer at the anal area.

Coloprocitis
Inflammation of the colon and the rectum.

Coloptosis
Downward displacement, or prolapse, of the colon, especially of the transverse portion.

Colon stasis or atonia constipation
Constipation is due to the less elasticity of the colon.

Proctitis
Inflammation of the anus and the lining of the rectum.

Jaundice or icterus
A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the faeces, constipation, queasiness, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood. Other causes include increased hemolysis and liver disease. The discolouration is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the body; bilirubin is normally excreted in the bile to give faeces their normal yellow-brown colouration.

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Photosynthesis: Questions and Answers

 

1) What is photosynthesis?

Answer: The process by which plants and other photoautotrophs generate carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water and light energy in chloroplasts.

2) What is the source of oxygen produced during Photosynthesis?

Answer: Water (H2O)

3) What is the source of oxygen in the glucose molecule produced during photosynthesis?

Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO2)

4) In which form is food stored in plants?

Answer: Starch

5) Which plants can't perform photosynthesis?

Answer: Beechdrops, Indian pipes, Rafflesia & other fungi.

6) What is the full form of NADP, ADP, ATP, PGA, RuBP, FAD?

Answer: ADP — Adenosine diphosphate.
ATP — Adenosine triphosphate.
NADP — Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
RuBP — Ribulose biphosphate
PGA — Glycerate phosphate
FAD — Flavin adenine dinucleotide

7) Which animal can perform photosynthesis?

Answer: Euglena, Chrysamoeba, Sea slug.

8) Which place of chloroplast is related to a dark phase of photosynthesis?

Answer: Stroma

9) Which place of chloroplast is related to a light phase of photosynthesis?

Answer: Grana

10) Which metal is present in Chlorophyll?

Answer: Magnesium (Mg)

11) Which non-metals are present in Chlorophyll?

Answer: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen.

12) What is the other name of Photolysis and why?

Answer: Hill reaction because it's discovered by Robin Hill.

13) Which plant tissue is associated with photosynthesis?

Answer: Mesophile

14) Velamen tissue's are present in which kind of plants?

Answer: Epiphytes

15) Which is the first stable product formed during photosynthesis?

Answer: Phosphoglyceric acid

16) Which phase of photosynthesis is associated with Carbon assimilation?

Answer: Dark phase

17) Which is an example of monosaccharides?

Answer: Glucose

18) What is chlorosis?

Answer: A yellowing of plant tissue due to loss or absence of chlorophyll.

19) What is photoinhibition?

Answer: The inhibition of photosynthesis caused by protein damage due to high levels of light (especially ultraviolet)

20) What is a photosynthetic quotient?

Answer: The photosynthetic quotient (PQ) is defined as the molar ratio of oxygen released to the carbon dioxide assimilated during photosynthesis.

PQ= Released O2/Received CO2

21) What is the common value of the PQ (photosynthetic quotient) of a leaf?

Answer: 1

22) What is the definition of photolysis?

Answer: Any chemical reaction in which a compound is decomposed after absorbing a photon.

Associated with a light phase of photosynthesis.

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Environmental Questions and Answers for Students

Environmental Questions and Answers for Students

1) The water body with very high nutrient content is known as -

A) Mesotrophic  

B) Oligotrophic  

C) Eutrophic

2) The book written by Rachal Carson is -

A) Silent Spring   

B) The Voyage of the Beagle  

C) The old man and the sea

3) The blue baby syndrome is caused by the contamination -

A) Phospate   

B) Arsenic  

C) Nitrate 

4) The most important air pollutant for petrol cars is -

A) CO₂   

B) SO₂   

C) Hydrocarbons 

5) Bhopal gas tragedy was occured due to leakage of - 

A) Methyl isocyanate    

B) Sulphur dioxide   

C) NO₃

6) One of the leader of Narmada Bachao Andolon is -

A) Sundarlal Bahuguna    

B) Medha Patekar   

C) R.K. Pachauri 

7) The silent valley movement occurred in -

A) Uttarakhand    

B) Gujarat   

C) Kerala

8) Plants tolerant to desert condition are - 

A) Halophyte   

B) Xerophyte   

C) Hydrophyte

9) The Ramsar site of West Bengal is -

A) Sundarbans  

B) Ravindra Sarovar  

C) East Kolkata wetland 

10) The number of biodiversity Hot spot in India -

A) 2   

B) 3  

C) 4

11) A climatic phenomenon where a mass of warm water moves along the Pacific Coast of South America -

A) Tornado  

B) Hurricane  

C) El Nino

12) Example of tropical Savanna Biome is -

A) Dooars   

B) Grasslands of Australia   

C) Terai

13) Disease caused by protozoa is -

A) Bacillary dysentery   

B) Amoebiosis  

C) Typhoid 

14) "Sardar Sarovar" dam is situated in -

A) Madhya Pradesh   

B) Gujarat  

C) Rajasthan 

15) Which of the following is a non biodegradable pollutant?

A) Organic Waste   

B) Electronic Waste  

C) Night soil

16) Which one is not a renewable energy source?

A) Geothermal energy   

B) Solar energy  

C) Fossil fuel

17) Cauvery water dispute is between -

A) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh  B) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu  

C) Kerala and Tamil Nadu

18) Conference related to control of ozone depleting substance is -

A) Montreal Protocol   

B) Stockholm conference  

C) Toronto World Conference 

19) The skin cancer is caused by -

A) The Green House Effect  

B) UV Exposure  

C) None of this

20) The allowed thickness of plastic carry bags in the shops is - 

A) 20 microns   

B) 30 microns  

C) 40 microns

21) Nitrogen fixing bacteria are - 

A) Rhizobium  

B) Bacillus  

C) Dersia

22) Any nuclear reactor generally utilizes -

A) U²³⁴  

B) U²³⁵  

C) U²³⁶

23) The first detection of ozone hole occurred in - 

A) Pennsylvania  

B) Caroline Islands  

C) Antarctica 

24) Collectively Sundarban is a -

A) Sanctuary  

B) Biosphere reserve  

C) Protected forest

25) The water pollution prevention and control act was introduced in - 

A) 1964   

B) 1974   

C) 1984

26) Which of the following bacteria can fix Nitrogen?

A) Nitrococcus   

B) Nitrobacter   

C) Azotobacter

27) Free floating aquatic microscopic organisms are known as -

A) Nekton   

B) Plankton   

C) Periphyton

28) Which of the following is not a micronutrient?

A) Chromium   

B) Magnesium   

C) Molybdenum 

29) Chipko movement is the resurgence of ecological concern and took place in -

A) Kumaon   

B) Himachal   

C) Tehri-Garhwal

30) Which of the following organs is affected by silicosis?

A) Heart   

B) Lung   

C) Brain 

31) Lotic water means -

A) Lake water  

B) Running water in rivers  

C) Ocean water

32) Activated Sludge is associated with -

A) Air purification process  

B) Waste water treatment  

C) Solid waste treatment 

33) Which one of the following is not related to acid rain?

A) Carbon monoxide  

B) Sulphur dioxide  

C) Oxides of nitrogen 

34) The seismograph is used to measure the intensity of -

A) Sea wave  

B) Cyclone  

C) Earthquake 

35) Photosynthesis is a component in -

A) Carbon cycle   

B) Nitrogen cycle   

C) Sulphur cycle 

36) Which disease is not caused by bacteria?

A) Chiken pox   

B) Tuberculosis   

C) Leprosy 

37) 'Sand fly' is responsible for -

A) Plague   

B) Amoebiosis   

C) Kala-azar

38) The element responsible for 'Itai-itai' disease is - 

A) Mercury   

B) Arsenic   

C) Cadmium 

39) What percentage of its geographical area of a country should be under forest cover?

A) 23%   

B) 33%   

C) 13%

40) Montreal Protocol was made in order to reduce - 

A) Green house gases   

B) Ozone depleting chemicals  

C) Suspended particular matter

41) El Nino results in - 

A) Cold oceanic wave   

B) Hot oceanic wave   

C) Tsunami 

42) Control of pest population by natural predators, parasites or pathogens is called - 

A) Biological pest control  

B) Integrated pest management  

C) Chemical pest control 

43) Which of the following is not an organochlorine compound?

A) Aldrin  

B) Brine  

C) Hexachlorobenzene

44) Chemical, physical or biological agents that cause birth defect are called - 

A) Teratogen   

B) Carcinogen  

C) Mutagen 

45) Confinement for species in a particular area is described as -

A) Endemic  

B) Epidemic  

C) Exotic 

46) Pollen can cause -

A) Tuberculosis   

B) Allergy   

C) Typhoid 

47) Genetic diversity is known as - 

A) α - diversity   

B) β - diversity   

C) γ - diversity

48) COD is measurable for -

A) Water sample  

B) Soil sample  

C) Air sample

49) Trickling filter is used in - 

A) Waste water treatment  

B) Air treatment  

C) Solid waste treatment 

50) The book 'Silent Spring' was written by - 

A) Rachel Carson  

B) Charles Darwin  

C) Adam Smith 

51) Salim Ali is a famous - 

A) Herpetologist  

B) Entomologist  

C) Ornithologist

52) The stratosphere is the region between - 

A) 10—50 km  

B) 0—15 km  

C) 50—85 km

53) Earth day is celebrated in - 

A) 5th June  

B) 22nd march  

C) 22nd April

54) The 3P's of environment is popularly known as - 

A) Price, Product, Profit  

B) People, pay and pollute  

C) People, Planet and Profit 

55) COP – Summit on Climate change was held in 2013 at -

A) Cuncun   

B) Warsaw  

C) Bali

56) Vermicompost is produced with the help of - 

A) Ants  

B) Earthworms  

C) Mosquitoes 

57) 'Daphnia' is a -

A) Periphyton   

B) Nekton   

C) Plankton 

58) 'Giardiasis' is caused by - 

A) Bacteria   

B) Virus  

C) Protozoa 

59) Wildlife protection act was enacted in the year - 

A) 1972   

B) 1982   

C) 1992

60) 'RSPM' is - 

A) Respirable sophisticate particulate matter  

B) Respirable suspended particulate matter  

C) Respirable surrounding particulate matter 

61) When the amount of pesticide is magnified from one trophic level to other, known as -

A) Bioaccumulation  

B) Biotransformation  

C) Biomagnification

62) Tree-hugging movement is also known as - 

A) Chipko movement  

B) Big-dam movement   

C) Save-river movement 

63) Which one of the following enacted in -

the year 2002?

A) Biodiversity act   

B) Air act   

C) Water act

64) High volume sampler can measure - 

A) The SPM level in air   

B) BOD level in water   

C) Level of noise 

65) "Locust" is - 

A) An insect   

B) a bird   

C) a fish

66) Which one of the following is not a renewable energy?

A) Fossil fuel   

B) Wind energy   

C) Solar energy 

67) Which one is not an ore of Iron?

A) Bauxite   

B) Magnetite   

C) Hematite 

68) The first layer of atmosphere above the earth surface is - 

A) Stratosphere   B) Troposphere   C) Mesosphere 

69) Hygrometer is an instrument used to record -

A) Relative humidity  

B) Wind direction  

C) Ocean currents 

70) The gas which is used as fuel -

A) Hydrogen  

B) Oxygen  

C) Nitrogen 

71) Example of an 'Omnivore' is -

A) Cockroach  

B) Blue whale 

C) Vulture 

72) Ecotone is -

A) Ecosystem 

B) Biome 

C) A zone between two ecosystem

73) Green Peace is - 

A) Government policy  

B) N.G.O  

C) Administrative treaty

74) Agenda 21 was an outcome of the conference at -

A) Rio de Jeneiro  

B) Stockholm  

C) Vienna 

75) 'IUCN' stands for - 

A) Inter State Unity of Culture and Nature   

B) International Union for Conservation of Nature Body  

C) International Union for the Conservation of Nature

76) The age of earth is approximately - 

A) 4.54 billion years   

B) 4.8 billion years   

C) 4.2 billion years 

77) The intensity of earthquake is measured on - 

A) Richter scale   

B) Fujita scale   

C) Dalton scale

78) What are the main constituents of biogas?

A) Nitrogen and butane  

B) Ethane and butane  

C) Methane and carbon dioxide 

79) Which of the following non-renewable energy resources is not a fossil fuel?

A) Oil   

B) Coal   

C) Nuclear fuel 

80) Acid rain is due to - 

A) Production of SO₂   

B) SO₂ gas converted to H₂SO₄   

C) Production of CO₂

81) The main pollutant in vehicle emission is -

A) CO₂    

B) CO    

C) SO₂

82) Eutrofication of water body causes reduction of - 

A) Dissolved O₂    

B) Dissolved H₂   

C) Dissolved salt

83) The permissible limit of Arsenic in water is -

A) 0.05 mg/L   

B) 0.005 mg/L     

C) 0.5 mg/L

84) The principal source of ash is - 

A) Thermal powerplant    

B) Brick field   

C) Forest fire

85) The average temperature of the Earth is approximately - 

A) 10°C   

B) 15°C   

C) 20°C

86) The Unit of ionizing radiation is called - 

A) ROM   

B) RAD   

C) CAD

87) BOD is used to test -

A) Soil   

B) Water   

C) Air

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Biology Quiz with Score: Test your Knowledge

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